Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Billionaire College Dropouts


Subhash Chandra Goel


Here's something not many people know about Subhash Chandra Goel : The Zee chairman dropped out after standard 12.

Subhash Chandra started his own vegetable oils unit at 19. It was, in a manner of speaking, his first job. Years later, a casual visit to a friend at Doordarshan gave him the idea of starting his own broadcasting company. We all know how that story ran.

Chandra knew nothing about programming, distribution or film rights. What he did understand quite well was the Indian sensibility though. Funded by UK businessmen, Zee came into being as India's first satellite TV network.
Today, it reaches 320 lakhs homes, connecting with 20 crores people in South Asia alone. The network also covers Asians in America, the Middle East, Europe, Australia and Africa, making this dropout a very rich one.


Michael Dell


Michael Saul Dell (1965- ) joined the University of Texas at Austin with the intention of becoming a physician. While studying there, he started a computer company in his dormitory, calling it PC's Limited. By the time he turned 19, it had notched up enough success to prompt Dell to dropout.

In 1987, PC's Limited changed its name to Dell Computer Corporation. By 2003, Dell, Inc. was the world's most profitable PC manufacturer.

Dell has won more than his fair share of accolades, including Man of the Year from PC Magazine and EM>CEO of the Year from Financial World . Forbes, in 2005, lists him as the 18th richest in the world with a net worth of around $1600 Crores. Not bad for just another dropout.


Steve Jobs


Steven Paul Jobs (1955-) and Apple Computer are names that have long gone together.

Born in the United States to an unknown Egyptian-Arab father, Jobs was adopted soon after birth. After graduating high school, he enrolled in Reed College, dropping out after one semester.

In 1976, 21-year-old Jobs and 26-year old Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer Co. in the family garage. Jobs revolutionised the industry by popularising the concept of home computers.

By 1984, the Macintosh was introduced. He had an influential role in the building of the World-Wide Web, and also happens to be Chairman and CEO of Pixar Animation Studios.

Today, with the iPod, Apple is bigger than ever. Incidentally, Jobs worked for several years at an annual salary of $1. It got him a listing in the Guinness Book as `Lowest Paid Chief Executive Officer.' He was once gifted a $9 crores jet by the company though. And his net worth? Moer than $3 billion.


Dhirubhai Ambani

He returned to India at 26, starting a business with a meagre capital of $375. By the time of his demise, his company - Reliance Industries Ltd - had grown to become an empire, with an estimated annual turnover of $120 crores!

Dhirubhai was, in his lifetime, conferred the Indian Entrepreneur of the 20th Century Award by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. A Times of India poll in the year 2000 also voted him one of the biggest creators of wealth in this century.

Dhirubhai's is not just the usual rags-to-riches story. He will be remembered as the one who rewrote Indian corporate history and built a truly global corporate group. He is also credited with having single-handedly breathed life into the Indian stock markets and bringing in thousands of investors to the bourses.


Larry Ellison


Lawrence Joseph Ellison (1944-)
, co-founder and CEO of Oracle Corporation, founded his company in 1977 with a sum of $2,000. Once a school dropout, he is now, according to Forbes, one of the richest people in America with a net worth of around $184 crores. The figure also makes him the ninth richest in the world.


As a young man, Ellison worked for the Ampex Corporation, where one of his projects was a database for the CIA. He called it Oracle, a name he was to reuse years later for the company that made him famous.
Interestingly, the organisation's initial release was Oracle 2. The number supposedly implied that all bugs had been eliminated from an earlier version.

Ellison is quite a colourful man, and has long dabbled in all kinds of things. Want to learn more? Try his biography, The Difference Between God and Larry Ellison.


Bill Gates (billu)

Are college dropouts more successful than people with good education? It would seem so if you consider that many billionaires are people who dumped college. However, what this hides is the fact that although millions quit studies before completing them, very few of them go on to become rich.
What the list of the super-rich dropouts signifies is that in business, a top degree is not as important as having the right aptitude, attitude, determination and vision.


Here are some dropouts who went on to become billionaires:
William Henry Gates III
(1955-), along with Paul Allen, co-founded Microsoft Corporation, the world's largest software maker. Bill Gates, the wealthiest person in the world with an estimated net worth of $480 crores (Rs 211,200 crore!), is probably the best-known college dropout.


Gates attended an exclusive prep school in Seattle, went on to study at Harvard University, then dropped out to pursue software development. As students in the mid-70s, he and Paul Allen wrote the original Altair BASIC interpreter for the Altair 8800, the first commercially successful PC.
In 1975, Micro-Soft - later Microsoft Corporation - was born. Three decades on, Gates has been Number One on the Forbes 400 for over a dozen years. And here's something you probably didn't know: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation currently provides 90 per cent of the world budget for the attempted eradication of polio.

Year 2009 Memomories

Ultra-Orthodox Jew stands near the site of firing by Palestinian militants in Gaza in the port city of Ashdod on Jan. 16, 2009. Israel said on Friday that their attacks on the Gaza Strip can join the "final stage", and sent a representative to negotiate a cease-fire after the organization Hamas cease-fire and with it a three-week conflict, which killed over 1100 Palestinians. (REUTERS/Amir Cohen) (REUTERS / Amir Cohen)

Israeli soldiers mourn at the funeral of Comrade Alex Mashaviski at the cemetery in Be'er Sheva on Jan. 7, 2009. Mashaviski died on Tuesday during Israel's military action in Gaza. Skirmishes between troops resumed in Gaza on Wednesday, after a three-hour truce for humanitarian aid. (REUTERS/Eric Gaillard) (REUTERS / Eric Gaillard)

Israeli woman and her children have taken refuge in the bombing near Kfar Aza in the northern Gaza Strip on Jan. 7, 2009. Woman came to visit her husband - an Israeli officer, now serving on the border of Gaza. The bombs exploded when they were waiting for him. On Wednesday, Israel postponed the decision whether to send their armed forces for an assault on the urban centers in Gaza. Told the official representative of the Government of Israel, referring to the Egyptian and French efforts to protect the truce with the organization Hamas. (REUTERS/Baz Ratner) (REUTERS / Baz Ratner)

Tamil demonstrators who blocked the road to the building of Parliament in London, arguing with police May 18, 2009. On Monday, Sri Lanka announced a complete victory in one of the most intractable wars in the world, killing the leader of the separatist organization «Tamil Tigers» and taking control of the entire country for the first time since 1983. (REUTERS/Luke MacGregor) (REUTERS / Luke MacGregor)

An Israeli soldier holds a national flag, crossing the border back into Israel from the Gaza Strip January 18, 2009. Islamic resistance movement Hamas announced that the cease fire along with other militant groups in Gaza and give to Israel, which has already announced a truce with his hand a week to withdraw its troops from their territory. (REUTERS/Amir Cohen) (REUTERS / Amir Cohen)

The representatives of the Rwandese authorities to look at the aircraft company «Jetlink», crashed in the VIP area at Kigali airport on Nov. 12, 2009. A passenger plane en route to Uganda, crashed into a VIP-zone in the capital of Rwanda. As a result, killing one passenger. (REUTERS/Hereward Holland) (REUTERS / Hereward Holland)

Founder «Microsoft» Bill Gates during a game of bridge with billionaire Warren Buffett (left) at the annual meeting of shareholders «Berkshire Hathaway» in Omaha, Nebraska, May 3, 2009.. (REUTERS/Carlos Barria) (REUTERS / Carlos Barria)

First lady Michelle Obama responds to joke about the fact that she likes to wear dresses with no sleeves at a reception for the press at the White House in Washington on May 9, 2009. (REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst) (REUTERS / Jonathan Ernst)

Germany's foreign minister Frank Walter Steinmeier (second from left) smokes during a conversation with Chancellor Angela Merkel (right) at a meeting in the chancellorship in Berlin on May 28, 2009. A government meeting about the investors automaker «Opel» should end the decision in favor of several candidates. (REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch) (REUTERS / Fabrizio Bensch)

Airplane Company «Virgin Atlantic» comes in to land at Heathrow in London on May 26, 2009.Private airline company «Virgin Atlantic» has more than doubled revenues, but said that because of the economic crisis, airlines will be "virtually impossible" to make a profit this year. (REUTERS/Luke MacGregor) (REUTERS / Luke MacGregor)

Ricky Hatton of Great Britain in the "technical" knocked out during a 12-round bout with Manny Pakiao from the Philippines in the World Championship in the super-lightweight champion in the ring «MGM Grand Garden Arena» Las Vegas, Nevada, May 2, 2009. The right coach Pakiao Buboy Fernandez. (REUTERS/Steve Marcus) (REUTERS / Steve Marcus)

Living in South Africa are waiting for the opening of a polling station in a suburb of Cape Town Khaelitsha April 22, 2009. South Africa voted for the preservation of the African National Congress despite strong opposition since the collapse of apartheid 15 years ago. (REUTERS/Finbarr O'Reilly) (REUTERS / Finbarr O'Reilly)

Cyclist Alessandro Petachchi from Italy kisses the pink jacket on the podium, having traveled 198 km third stage from hail to the Giro d'Italia 11 May 2009. Petachchi won a stage. (REUTERS/Stefano Rellandin) (REUTERS / Stefano Rellandin)

Lionel Messi (left) from Barcelona celebrates his goal against Evin Van der Sar of Manchester United in the Champions League final at the Olympic stadium in Rome on May 27, 2009. (REUTERS/Giampiero Sposito) (REUTERS / Giampiero Sposito)

Boy work out handstand during a workout at a local acrobatic school in Chzhenchzhou, Henan Province, April 24, 2009. About 20 pupils aged from 5 to 15 years engaged in school, hoping to perform on stage after 3-4 years of training to those earning a living.

Michael Bullock (right) of Chelsea screams arbitrator Tom Henning Ovrebo that the player "Barcelona played a hand in the semifinal match of the League of Champions" in London on May 6, 2009. The match ended 1-1, Barcelona won by rule goals scored in away match. (REUTERS/Eddie Keogh) (REUTERS / Eddie Keogh)

Israeli boy goes to the shelter in the southern city of Ashkelon on Jan. 4, 2009. Israeli troops and tanks have divided the Gaza Strip and surrounded the main city on Sunday in response to the attack group Hamas, which killed 500 Palestinians, including many civilians. Hamas' attack on southern Israel, despite the best efforts of the most powerful army in the Middle East to achieve the goal of Israeli leaders to get rid of the threat of border skirmishes. (REUTERS/Amir Cohen) (REUTERS / Amir Cohen)

Shadow of a Spanish matador Daniel Luke on the wall during a speech with a bull at bullfight arena "Maetranza" in Seville, April 29, 2009. (REUTERS/Marcelo del Pozo) (REUTERS / Marcelo del Pozo)

The representative of the city authorities, accompanying foreign reporters, gaining SMS in the suburb Kachuf Masaka district in southern Uganda, March 24, 2009. In the language of Luganda word "Kachuf" means "mud". «REUTERS/Darrin Zammit Lupi» «REUTERS / Darrin Zammit Lupi

Protesters smash the ATM, which is written, "The money for the state and nothing - for the people" during the anti-NATO demonstrations in the suburbs of Strasbourg, 4 April 2009. Next week the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) celebrated its 60th anniversary summit, held in Germany and France. (REUTERS/Vincent Kessler) (REUTERS / Vincent Kessler)


The pilot of a Formula 1 team «Toro Rosso» Sebastien Bourdais from France (right) flies with the track, collided with teammate Sebastenom Buemi of Switzerland (left) and German Adrian Sutil of «Force India» (back) and Brazilian Nelson picket " Renault »at the beginning of the Spanish Grand Prix Formula 1 racetrack« Catalunya »in Montmelo, near Barcelona May 10, 2009. (REUTERS/Josep Loaso) (REUTERS / Josep Loaso)

The American journalist Roxana Saberi, released from prison on Monday, waving to the camera reporters outside his home in Tehran on May 12, 2009.Counsel Saberi said that she had a good mood and that she next week could leave Iran after it took off from charges of spying for the United States. (REUTERS/Morteza Nikoubazl) (REUTERS / Morteza Nikoubazl)

LeBron James of the team «Cleveland Cavaliers» raises the pillar of powder in the air before the start of the second semi-final basketball match «NBA Eastern Conference» against a team «Atlanta Hawks» in Cleveland, Ohio, May 7, 2009. (REUTERS/Aaron Josefczyk) (REUTERS / Aaron Josefczyk)

Diver in a Santa swims with dolphins in an aquarium "Sea Paradise in Yokohama, south of Tokyo on Nov. 15, 2009. December 25, 2009 there will be a Christmas event. (REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao) (REUTERS / Yuriko Nakao)

Believe in What U Think


Decided to make a bid software company with 6 friends & 10000 Rs.
After 25 years company became world IT leader from India and
employing more than a Lakh people.

He failed 10000 times to make an electric bulb of his desired intensity. He had more than 1000 patents. GE still gets money when a bulb is sold.


Once dropped out of school and people called him mad as he was selling a plastic thing for 200$. Became world richest person at age of 43.


One girl from poor family came to India to serve the people and cure them. Received Nobel Prize for Peace.



One Villager who had vision came to Mumbai with 30 K and after 40 years it was biggest Private sector company in India.

One Advocate decided to free India with a Laathi and Pancha. And millions of people followed his faith and became his followers.

Saturday, January 2, 2010

Memories of the Year 2008

A spectator raises her fist in celebration seconds after it was announced that Barack Obama will become the 44th President of the United States at Ebenezer Baptist Church, Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2008. (AP Photo/Pouya Dianat, Atlanta Journal & Constitution)
U.S. President George W. Bush walks back to the Oval Office after making remarks at the White House in Washington March 13, 2008. (REUTERS/Jim Young)

The moon and stars light up Mount Everest, also known as Qomolangma, as seen from near Everest Base Camp in the Tibet Autonomous Region April 29, 2008. (REUTERS/David Gray)


Austrian pilot Hannes Arch flies during the Red Bull Air Race World Series, with the Hungarian Parliament Building in the background, in Budapest, Hungary on August 20, 2008. (REUTERS/Karoly Arvai)



Images of books on shelves are seen projected on the walls of the Tower of David in Jerusalem's Old City - part of a show called "Or Shalem, Jerusalem Lights the Night", staged by a group called Skertzò on October 7, 2008. The Tower of David is a massive citadel that, over the centuries, has served as a fortress, military barracks and cannon position. These days, the Tower serves as a popular tourist site. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)




A patient with advanced pulmonary TB in a tuberculosis hospital in Mumbai, India receives a daily injection as well as oxygen. Photojournalist James Nachtwey brought us (through photography) a story this year of a new, dangerous type of tuberculosis called Extreme Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, or XDR-TB. Tuberculosis is both preventable and curable, but inadequate treatment has been driving the emergence of XDR-TB, especially in developing nations. For more information about XDR-TB, please visit xdrtb.org. (© James Nachtwey/VII)

People drop lines in holes on a frozen river at an event to fish trout in Hwacheon, South Korea, about 20 km (12 miles) south of the demilitarised zone separating two Koreas, northeast of Seoul January 13, 2008. More than 1,000,000 people attend at the annual ice festival which lasts for three weeks in January. (REUTERS/Lee Jae-Won )

An Indian policeman holds a shield against stone-throwing Kashmiri Muslim protesters in Srinagar September 9, 2008. More than two dozen people including 10 policemen were injured in Kashmir on Tuesday when police clashed with hundreds of stone-throwing demonstrators in fresh protests against Indian rule in the area. (Fayaz Aziz/Reuters)

The Chinese Shenzhou-7 manned spaceship, the Long-March II-F rocket and the escape tower are transferred to the launch pad at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Gansu province, China on September 20, 2008. Taikonaut Zhai Zhigang performed China's first-ever spacewalk on the successful mission. (REUTERS/Stringer).


Pakistani men try to rescue a donkey buried during an earthquake in Ziarat, about 130 kilometers (81 miles) south of Quetta, Pakistan on October 30th, 2008. Rescue workers searched through the rubble of villages destroyed by a powerful earthquake in southwestern Pakistan that killed at least 215 people. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti/FILE)


Thousands of black clad Israeli Orthodox Jews attend the funeral of Arieh Levish Teitelbaum, one of the Israeli victims of the Mumbai attacks, on December 2, 2008 in Jerusalem. Wailing and chanting psalms, thousands of people bid a final farewell today to the six Jews killed in last week's bloody Mumbai attacks and whose bodies were flown to Israel for burial. (JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP/Getty Images)


A U.S. Army helicopter gunner, his helmet face painted as a skull, awaits soldiers to board his Chinook transport helicopter October 30, 2008 for transport out of the Korengal Valley of eastern Afghanistan. Taliban insurgents had attacked a nearby U.S. Army outpost, and the Americans responded with machine guns, mortars and helicopter gunships. (John Moore/Getty Images)

A firefighting airplane drops water on the burning Turkish ship Undadriyatik in the waters near town of Rovinj, Croatia in the northern Adriatic Sea on Feb. 6, 2008. (AP Photo/FILE)


This sequence of 12 frames was taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft over a span of about 45 minutes on March 12, 2008. In that brief time, Cassini covered almost 40,000 kilometers in its approach to a flyby encounter with Enceladus, one of the moons of Saturn. The overexposure and smearing of the images gives a hint of the raw speed involved - 14.4 km/sec (or 32,211 mph). Shortly after this sequence, at its closest, Cassini approached within 52 km (32.3 miles) of the surface of Enceladus. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)


An indigenous woman holds her child while trying to resist the advance of Amazonas state policemen who were expelling the woman and some 200 other members of the Landless Movement from a privately-owned tract of land on the outskirts of Manaus, in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon March 11, 2008. The landless peasants tried in vain to resist the eviction with bows and arrows against police using tear gas and trained dogs, and were evicted from the land. (REUTERS/Luiz Vasconcelos-A Critica/AE)


Soldiers maintain order amongst stranded passengers outside a railway station in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, February 3, 2008. A stampede at Guangzhou railway station killed one person when frustrated passengers rushed to board trains after days of cancellations because of fierce cold and snow, police confirmed on Sunday. (REUTERS/Daniel Chan)


Duncan Zuur of the Netherlands rides a wakeboard across flooded Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy as the recent "acqua alta" (high water) reached a depth of 1.56 meters (5 ft, 1 in.) on December 2, 2008. (REUTERS/Handout/Euro-Newsroom.com/Joerg Mitter)


Republican presidential candidate John McCain makes his acceptance speech during the Republican National Convention in St. Paul, Minn., Thursday, Sept. 4, 2008. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)


A man's hand drips blood as he stands in front of riot policemen during a demonstration in Athens, part of a days-long series of demonstrations throughout Greece on December 9, 2008. (REUTERS/John Kolesidis)


A young man with an arrow in his head arrives at hospital following ethnic clashes in the town of Nakuru in the Rift Valley area January 26, 2008. Kenyans in the Rift Valley town of Nakuru feared more violence on Saturday after a disputed election triggered pitched battles between ethnic gangs that killed at least a dozen people. (REUTERS/Peter Andrews)


Casey Stoner of Australia and the Ducati Team in action on a wet track, during a practice run for the Australian MotoGP at the Phillip Island Circuit on October 3, 2008 in Phillip Island, Australia. (Robert Cianflone/Getty Images)


An earthquake survivor tries to figure out where his home used to be at the Donghekou Earthquake Relics Park, which covers one town and five villages including Donghekou Village, on November 11, 2008 in Qingchuan County of Sichuan Province, China. The park, which is the first memorial site after the massive Wenchuan Earthquake, was opened to the public on November 12, 2008. (China Photos/Getty Images)


Internally Displaced People leave Kibati heading north from the city to their villages, Kibumba and Rugari, north of the provincial capital of Goma, Congo, on November 2, 2008. Several thousand people displaced in the fighting between rebels and government troops in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo began returning home Sunday as a ceasefire held, an AFP correspondent on the scene reported. (YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images)


Men are caught in a dust storm while playing cricket at a playground in Kabul, Afghanistan on March 31, 2008. (REUTERS/Ahmad Masood)


A competitor dives from the 14 meter-high bridge over Drina river during annual high diving competition in Bosnian town of Visegrad July 12, 2008. (REUTERS/Stringer)


21-year-old Ajmal Kasab, one of ten terrorists who attacked Mumbai, India on November 26th, 2008 walks through the Chatrapathi Sivaji Terminal railway station, carrying weapons and duffel bags of ammunition. Kasab and his cohorts - all from Pakistan - killed over 170 people over the course of three days, until all except Kasab were killed by Indian forces. (AP Photo/Mumbai Mirror, Sebastian D'souza)


A military helicopter transporting soldiers and engineers prepares to land near the Tangjiashan quake lake area at earthquake-hit Beichuan, Sichuan province, China on May 27, 2008. China had evacuated more than 150,000 people living below a swollen lake formed by this month's devastating earthquake amid fears it could burst and trigger massive flooding, state media said on Wednesday. (REUTERS/China Daily)


Mateja Robnik of Slovenia negotiates a track of the women's giant slalom FIS World Cup event in Maribor, Slovenia January 12, 2008. (REUTERS/Petr Josek)


The bodies of two Palestinian militants lay near their mortar launcher after an Israeli airstrike in Gaza November 16, 2008. They had been firing mortar rounds into a neighboring Israeli neighborhood. An Israeli air strike killed four Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip on Sunday and two rockets fired from the Hamas-controlled territory hit Israel as a five-month-old ceasefire continued to unravel. (REUTERS/Stringer)


Most of the homes in the Oakridge mobile home park, which reportedly had 600-800 homes, lie in ruins after burning in the Sylmar Fire on November 15, 2008 in Sylmar, California. The fire began last night and was fueled to more than 2,600 acres by strong erratic winds in excess of 70 miles per hour which kept firefighting aircraft grounded in the morning. (David McNew/Getty Images)

In this April 30, 2008 photo, a young Iraqi boy poses for a photo after graduating from kindergarten in Baghdad, Iraq. (AP Photo/ Hadi Mizban)

Democratic presidential candidate, Sen. Barack Obama (lower right) waves as he arrives at a rally of 100,000 supporters in St. Louis, Mo., Saturday, Oct. 18, 2008. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)



A young sapphire miner holds on tight to a rope as he is lowered into a deep hole in the ground in a field in Anzanakaro near Ilakaka, Madagascar on September 14, 2008. Local miners and many of their family members work deep narrow holes where they scrape gravel and sand in search of sapphires. (ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images)

A U.S. Marine with a ground combat element assigned to Delta Company, 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, Task Force Mechanized, Multi-National Force - West walks through the Hatra Ruins in the Jazeerah Desert in Iraq on July 20, 2008. The task force is conducting disruption operations in the area to deny the enemy sanctuary and prevent foreign fighters from accessing the area. (Lance Cpl. Albert F. Hunt, U.S. Marine Corps.)

Staff stand in a meeting room at the Lehman Brothers offices in the financial district of Canary Wharf in London September 11, 2008. Lehman Brothers eventually filed for bankruptcy - the largest bankruptcy in U.S. History - and was delisted from the NYSE, and later liquidated.


A Kosovo Albanian man in the Kosovo town of Stimlje, south of the capital Pristina, tries to rescue his horse after it veered off the road and fell into a river March 26, 2008. (REUTERS/Hazir Reka)


In this March 11, 2008 photo, a boy plays soccer at La Boca neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (AP Photo/Natacha Pisarenko)

Astronaut Karen Nyberg, STS-124 mission specialist, looks through a window in the newly installed Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery is docked with the station on June 10th, 2008. (NASA)

A general view shows a "solucar" solar park in Sanlucar La Mayor, near Seville, Spain on November 6, 2008. The solar thermal power plant uses mirrors to concentrate the sun's rays onto the top of a 100 meter (300 foot) tower where it produces steam to drive a turbine, producing electricity. (REUTERS/Marcelo Del Pozo)

Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Barack Obama waves to the crowd at a rally in the rain at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Va. Saturday, Sept. 27, 2008. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)